Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

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These are exposure studies associated with the chemical and all of its children.

	Reference	Associated Study Title	Author's Summary	Study Factors	Stressor	Receptors	Country	Medium	Exposure Marker	Measurements	Outcome
1.	Wesselink AK, et al. (2016).	Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO)	Total caffeine intake among males, but not females, was associated with fecundability, although the association was not monotonic; with respect to individual beverages, caffeinated black tea was associated with slight reductions among females, and caffeinated soda and energy drink were associated with reduced fecundability among males.	diet | sex	Caffeine	Study subjects	Canada|United States	beverage, caffeinated | tea, black	Caffeine	Details	female pregnancy
2.	Go YM, et al. (2015).		We examined quantification strategies to enhance the usefulness of high-resolution metabolomics data for cumulative exposome research; the results provide a simple reference standardization protocol in which individual chemical concentrations are estimated by comparison to a concurrently analyzed, pooled reference sample with known chemical concentrations.		Caffeine | Chlorobenzoates | chlorsulfuron | Cotinine | Fyrol PCF | hippuric acid | meobal | octylphenol | pirimicarb | Styrene	Study subjects	United States	plasma	Caffeine | Chlorobenzoates | chlorsulfuron | Cotinine | Fyrol PCF | hippuric acid | meobal | octylphenol | pirimicarb | Styrene	Details
3.	Yang H, et al. (2015).	Male Reproductive Health in Chongqing College students (MARHCS)	The primary objectives of the MARHCS study are to investigate the associations of male reproductive health in young adults with sociopsychobehavioral factors, as well as changes of environmental exposure due to the relocation from rural campus (in University Town) to metro-campus (in central downtown).	diet | tobacco	Caffeine | Tobacco Smoke Pollution	Study subjects	China	semen		Details	spermatogenesis | sperm motility
4.	Kataria A, et al. (2015).	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	Perfluoroalkyl acids are associated with a reduction in kidney function and increased uric acid levels in otherwise healthy adolescents.		Fluorocarbons	Children	United States	serum	perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid | Uric Acid	Details	glomerular filtration
5.	Kasperczyk S, et al. (2014).		We examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine administration on the non-enzymatic defense systems (e.g., uric acid, albumin, bilirubin and alpha-tocopherol) in male workers exposed to lead, over a 12 week study period.		Lead	Workers	Poland	blood	ALB | alpha-Tocopherol | Bilirubin | Lead | Lipid Peroxides | Uric Acid | zinc protoporphyrin	Details
6.	Schreinemachers DM, et al. (2015).	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	This study investigated associations between urinary perchlorate and biomarkers of oxidative stress and iron homeostasis, including blood urea nitrogen, lymphocyte counts, serum uric acid, serum iron, and red blood cell counts.		perchlorate	Study subjects	United States	serum | urine	Iron | perchlorate | Uric Acid	Details	erythrocyte homeostasis | iron ion homeostasis | lymphocyte homeostasis
7.	Steenland K, et al. (2010).	C8 Health Project (C8HP)	Higher serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia, but the limitations of cross-sectional data and the possibility of noncausal mechanisms prohibit conclusions regarding causality.		perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid	Study subjects	United States	serum	perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid | Uric Acid	Details	Hyperuricemia
8.	Shankar A, et al. (2011).	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)	Our results demonstrate that elevated levels of perfluoroalkyl chemicals are associated with hyperuricemia even at low perfluoroalkyl chemical exposure levels as seen in a representative, multiethnic sample of US adults.		perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | perfluorooctanoic acid	Study subjects	United States	serum	Uric Acid	Details	Hyperuricemia