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Illuminating how chemicals affect human health.
Hemic and Lymphatic DiseasesThese are exposure studies associated with the disease and all of its children.
| Reference | Associated Study Title | Author's Summary | Study Factors | Stressor | Receptors | Country | Medium | Exposure Marker | Measurements | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Ward MH, et al. (2014). | Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) | We found no association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia for common polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but we observed positive associations for specific octa and nonaBDEs. | 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6- |
Study subjects | United States | dust | 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6- |
Details | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | |
| 2. | Bräuner EV, et al. (2012). | Diet, Cancer and Health Study | We found a higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in association with higher adipose tissue levels of DDT, cis-nonachlor, and oxychlordane, but no association with polychlorinated biphenyls. | 2,2',3,3',4,4',5- |
Controls for disease:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Subjects with disease:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Study subjects | Denmark | adipose tissue | 2,2',3,3',4,4',5- |
Details | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |
| 3. | Kanagawa Y, et al. (2008). | Yusho Study Group | After Yusho patients had suffered chronic exposure to these chlorinated compounds for more than 35 years, the serum concentration of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in blood was significantly related to arthralgia and decreased albumin/globulin ratio; the serum concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls was significantly related to ophthalmologic symptoms; and the serum concentration of polychlorinated quarterphenyl to increased total cholesterol. | 2,3,4,7,8- |
Japan | Details | Arthralgia | Eye Diseases | Hematologic Diseases | ||||
| 4. | Lavigne É, et al. (2017). | In this population-based study, results suggest an association between exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and an increased risk of astrocytoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in early childhood cancer. | Air Pollutants | Children | Pregnant females | Canada | air, ambient | Nitrogen Dioxide | Particulate Matter | Details | Astrocytoma | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects | ||
| 5. | Honda T, et al. (2017). | National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) | Air pollution exposures were significantly associated with increased prevalence of anemia and decreased hemoglobin levels in a cohort of older Americans; if causal, these associations could indicate that chronic air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for anemia in older adults. | age | Air Pollutants | Controls for disease:Anemia | Subjects with disease:Anemia | Study subjects | United States | air, ambient | Nitrogen Dioxide | Particulate Matter | Details | Anemia | hemoglobin biosynthetic process |
| 6. | Jung CR, et al. (2017). | Our results provide new evidence that exposure to ozone may increase the risk of Kawasaki disease in children. | Air Pollutants | Children | Subjects with disease:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome | Taiwan, Province of China | air, ambient | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome | ||
| 7. | Richardson DB, et al. (2009). | Life Span Study | These analyses provide evidence of a positive association between ionizing radiation dose and malignant lymphoma mortality among male Japanese atomic bomb survivors and Savannah River Site workers. | Air Pollutants, Radioactive | Radioactive Fallout | Study subjects | Workers | Japan|United States | Details | Lymphoma | |||
| 8. | Lee WJ, et al. (2004). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Our findings suggest a possible association between alachlor application and incidence of lymphohematopoietic cancers among applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. | alachlor | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Hematologic Neoplasms | Leukemia | Multiple Myeloma | |||
| 9. | Purdue MP, et al. (2007). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Our analysis of data from the Agricultural Health Study cohort suggests that, overall, use of organochlorine insecticides was not related to cancer risk. We did, however, observe associations among specific chemicals, some of which (lindane and NHL, chlordane/heptachlor and leukemia) are supported by previously published studies and warrant further investigation. | Aldrin | Chlordan | DDT | Dieldrin | Heptachlor | Hexachlorocyclohexane | Toxaphene | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Colonic Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lung Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Melanoma | Neoplasms | Rectal Neoplasms | |||
| 10. | Freeman LE, et al. (2011). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this report, we extend a previous Agricultural Health Study analysis of cancer risk associated with self-reported atrazine use with six additional years of follow-up and more than twice as many cancer cases. | Atrazine | Workers | United States | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | Ovarian Neoplasms | Prostatic Neoplasms | Thyroid Neoplasms | |||
| 11. | Thorpe N, et al. (2005). | This hypothesis-generating study explores spatial patterns of childhood cancers in Maryland and investigates their potential associations with herbicides and nitrates in groundwater. | Atrazine | metolachlor | Nitrates | Children | United States | Details | Bone Neoplasms | Brain Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lymphoma | ||||
| 12. | Vineis P, et al. (2007). | We found an apparent, though not statistically significant, increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in those with both exposure to benzene and either a history of autoimmune disease or malignant hematologic neoplasms. | disease | Benzene | Subjects with disease:Autoimmune Diseases | Subjects with disease:Hematologic Neoplasms | Italy | Details | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |||
| 13. | Vinceti M, et al. (2012). | Exposure to low levels of benzene released from motorized traffic may increase the risk of childhood leukemia, and suggest a possible independent effect of particulate matter PM10, although unmeasured confounding due to other pollutants cannot be ruled out. | Benzene | Particulate Matter | Study subjects | Italy | Details | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | ||||
| 14. | Ruckart PZ, et al. (2013). | Odds rations (ORs) suggested associations between 1st trimester exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene and neural tube defects, and we observed a monotonic exposure response relationship for TCE. | Benzene | Tetrachloroethylene | Trichloroethylene | Vinyl Chloride | Infants or newborns | United States | water | Tetrachloroethylene | Trichloroethylene | Details | Leukemia | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neural Tube Defects | ||
| 15. | Bove FJ, et al. (2014). | We found elevated hazard ratios (with wide confidence intervals) at Camp Lejeune for causes of death from cancers of kidney, liver, esophagus, cervix, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; however, because less than 6% of cohort had died, long-term follow-up is necessary to comprehensively assess effects of drinking water exposures at the base. | diet | Benzene | Tetrachloroethylene | Vinyl Chloride | Water Pollutants, Chemical | Military personnel | United States | water, drinking | Benzene | Tetrachloroethylene | Trichloroethylene | Vinyl Chloride | Details | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Death | Esophageal Neoplasms | Hodgkin Disease | Kidney Neoplasms | Liver Neoplasms | Multiple Myeloma | Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | |
| 16. | Kasim K, et al. (2006). | The authors conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,068 incident leukemia cases and 5,039 controls aged 20-74 years during 1994-1997 to examine the association between exposure to drinking water chlorination disinfection by-products and adult leukemia risk in Canada. | bromodichloromethane | Trihalomethanes | Study subjects | Canada | Details | Leukemia | Leukemia, Hairy Cell | Leukemia, Myeloid | ||||
| 17. | Lynch SM, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We examined butylate use and cancer risk more broadly in the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. | butylate | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Hematologic Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Prostatic Neoplasms | |||
| 18. | Adams SV, et al. (2012). | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Cadmium appears to be associated with overall cancer mortality in men and women, but the specific cancers associated differ between men and women. | sex | Cadmium | Study subjects | United States | urine | Cadmium | Details | Death | Leukemia | Lung Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | Ovarian Neoplasms | Pancreatic Neoplasms | Uterine Neoplasms |
| 19. | Landgren O, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In summary, the prevalence of MGUS among pesticide applicators was twice that in a population-based sample of men from Minnesota, adding support to the hypothesis that specific pesticides are causatively linked to myelomagenesis. | Carbon Disulfide | Carbon Tetrachloride | Dieldrin | tetrachloroisophthalonitrile | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance | |||
| 20. | Barbosa SM, et al. (2015). | In summary, this study showed that the exposure to air pollution generated mainly from automotive fleets in a large urban center can affect the cardiovascular health of children and may promote a significant health burden on a sensitive group, such as sickle cell patients. | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Sulfur Dioxide | Subjects with disease:Anemia, Sickle Cell | Children | Brazil | air | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | Particulate Matter | Sulfur Dioxide | Details | Cardiovascular Diseases | Pain | ||
| 21. | Lampi P, et al. (2008). | The rapid changes in cancer risk after changes in chlorophenol exposure suggest that chlorophenols may have a promotion effect in the carcinogenic process. | Chlorophenols | Study subjects | Finland | Details | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Soft Tissue Neoplasms | ||||
| 22. | Lynch SM, et al. (2006). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We did not find any clear, consistent associations between cyanazine exposure and any cancer analyzed. | cyanazine | Workers | United States | Details | Colonic Neoplasms | Hematologic Neoplasms | Lung Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | Prostatic Neoplasms | |||
| 23. | Alavanja MC, et al. (2014). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Our results show pesticides from different chemical and functional classes were associated with an excess risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and subtypes, but not all members of any single class of pesticides were associated with an elevated risk; these findings are among the first to suggest links between DDT, lindane, permethrin, diazinon and terbufos with non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. | DDT | Diazinon | Hexachlorocyclohexane | Permethrin | terbufos | Workers | United States | Details | Lymphoma, Follicular | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Multiple Myeloma | |||
| 24. | Lerro CC, et al. (2015). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We observed increased risk with organophosphate insecticides use (in spouses of pesticide applicators) for several hormonally-related cancers, including breast, thyroid, and ovary, suggesting potential for hormonally-mediated effects. | Diazinon | Insecticides | Malathion | Study subjects | United States | Details | Breast Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Ovarian Neoplasms | Thyroid Neoplasms | |||
| 25. | ten Tusscher GW, et al. (2003). | This study provides indications of effects at the stem cell level of perinatal dioxin exposure, persisting until minimally 8 years after birth. | Dioxins | Children | Fetuses | Infants or newborns | Netherlands | milk, human | serum | Dioxins | THPO | Details | Hypersensitivity | Thrombocytopenia | CD4 biosynthetic process | gene expression | immune response | platelet formation | ||
| 26. | Viel JF, et al. (2008). | This study, in line with previous results obtained in the vicinity of the incinerator located in Besancon (France), adds further evidence to the link between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence and exposure to dioxins emitted by municipal solid waste incinerators. | sex | Dioxins | Study subjects | France | Details | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |||
| 27. | Fan R, et al. (2012). | Consistent with results from previous studies in other case populations, traditional Chinese medicine appeared to have a direct or indirect protective effect against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. | Drugs, Chinese Herbal | Controls for disease:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse | Subjects with disease:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse | China | Details | Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse | ||||
| 28. | Whitehead TP, et al. (2015). | California Childhood Leukemia Study | Our findings do not support the hypothesis that metals in carpet dust are risk factors for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | Dust | Children | Controls for disease:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | Subjects with disease:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | United States | carpet | Arsenic | Cadmium | Chromium | Copper | Lead | Nickel | Tin | Tungsten | Details | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | |
| 29. | Fessler MB, et al. (2017). | Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS) | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | We report an association between house dust endotoxin and leukocyte count in a national survey, and the finding was replicated in a farming population; peripheral leukocyte count may be influenced by residential endotoxin exposure in diverse settings. | Dust | Endotoxins | Study subjects | Subjects with gene influence:TLR4 | United States | dust, house | dust, indoor | Endotoxins | Details | Leukocytosis | leukocyte differentiation | leukocyte homeostasis | lymphocyte differentiation | lymphocyte homeostasis | monocyte differentiation | monocyte homeostasis | neutrophil differentiation | neutrophil homeostasis | |
| 30. | Rau AT, et al. (2012). | Children with hematological malignancy had raised levels of endosulfan in the bone marrow compared to those without. All the children with raised bone marrow endosulfan levels were found to be from areas exposed to the pesticide. | Endosulfan | Children | Controls for disease:Hematologic Neoplasms | Subjects with disease:Hematologic Neoplasms | India | Endosulfan | Details | Hematologic Neoplasms | |||
| 31. | Kelly RS, et al. (2017). | EnviroGenoMarkers | We report no evidence that a higher body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, or hexachlorobenzene increased the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; significantly inverse associations were noted for males with a number of pollutants; and we hypothesize these unexpected relationships may relate to the subtype composition of our population, effect modification by body mass index, or other unmeasured confounding. | body mass index | sex | Environmental Pollutants | Controls for disease:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Subjects with disease:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Italy|Sweden | plasma | 2,2',3,3',4,4',5- |
Details | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin |
| 32. | De Roos AJ, et al. (2005). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | Glyphosate exposure was not associated with cancer incidence overall or with most of the cancer subtypes we studied. There was a suggested association with multiple myeloma incidence that should be followed up as more cases occur in the Agricultural Health Study. | glyphosate | Workers | United States | Details | Multiple Myeloma | |||
| 33. | Sorahan T. (2015). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | There were no statistically significant trends for multiple myeloma risks in relation to reported cumulative days (or intensity weighted days) of glyphosate use; the doubling of risk reported previously arose from the use of an unrepresentative restricted dataset, and analyses of the full dataset provides no convincing evidence for a link between multiple myeloma risk and glyphosate use. | glyphosate | Workers | United States | Details | Multiple Myeloma | |||
| 34. | Andreotti G, et al. (2018). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this large, prospective cohort study, no association was apparent between glyphosate and any solid tumors or lymphoid malignancies overall (including non-Hodgkin lymphoma), but there was some evidence of increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia among the highest exposed group that requires confirmation. | glyphosate | Workers | United States | Details | Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | |||
| 35. | Laurin LP, et al. (2014). | In our population of sickle cell patients, those using hydroxyurea were less than one-third as likely to exhibit albuminuria. | Hydroxyurea | Subjects with disease:Anemia, Sickle Cell | United States | Hydroxyurea | Details | Albuminuria | |||
| 36. | Chokkalingam AP, et al. (2012). | The results provide support for a role of xenobiotic transport and metabolism pathways in risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and indicate that genes in these pathways may modulate the risk of disease associated with use of common household chemicals. | Insecticides | Subjects with gene influence:ABCB1 | United States | Details | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | ||||
| 37. | Rull RP, et al. (2009). | Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) | Elevated acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk was associated with lifetime moderate exposure, but not high exposure, to certain physicochemical categories of pesticides, including organophosphates, cholorinated phenols, and triazines, and with pesticides classified as insecticides or fumigants. | Insecticides | Organophosphates | Pesticides | Triazines | Children | United States | Details | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | |||
| 38. | Zolaly MA, et al. (2012). | The blood lead levels of children are affected by multiple factors. Female students have higher blood lead levels and lower hemoglobin concentration than males. The possible sources of lead exposure were use of toothpaste, use of kohl, putting colored toys in the mouth, use of both canned food and canned juice, use of lip gloss in females, and different methods of handling newspaper while preparing food. | sex | Lead | Children | Saudi Arabia | blood | Lead | Details | Anemia | hemoglobin biosynthetic process | |
| 39. | Menezes-Filho JA, et al. (2009). | The objective of this study was to analyze hair Manganese of children living in the vicinity of a ferro-manganese alloy production plant in the Great Salvador region, State of Bahia, Brazil and examine factors that influence this bioindicator of exposure. | Manganese | Controls for disease:Anemia | Subjects with disease:Anemia | Children | Brazil | hair | Manganese | Details | |||
| 40. | Silver SR, et al. (2015). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | This suggestion of an association between metolachlor and liver cancer among pesticide applicators is a novel finding and echoes observation of increased liver neoplasms in some animal studies; however, our findings for both liver cancer and follicular cell lymphoma warrant follow-up to better differentiate effects of metolachlor use from other factors. | metolachlor | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Liver Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Follicular | |||
| 41. | Delancey JO, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | The results from this study suggest a potential association between metribuzin use and certain lymphohematopoietic malignancies; however, having not been observed previously caution should be used in interpretation. | metribuzin | Workers | United States | Details | Hematologic Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |||
| 42. | Molla YB, et al. (2014). | The precise trigger of podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis of the lower legs) is unknown, but epidemiological studies have linked the disease with barefoot exposure to red clay soils of volcanic origin; more quantities of smectite, mica, and quartz within the soil were associated with podoconiosis prevalence. | mica | Quartz | Smectite | Study subjects | Ethiopia | Details | Elephantiasis | ||||
| 43. | Fewtrell L. (2004). | I conclude that, given the apparently low incidence of possible water-related methemoglobinemia, the complex nature of the role of nitrates, and that of individual behavior, it is currently inappropriate to attempt to link illness rates with drinking-water nitrate levels. | Nitrates | Study subjects | Details | Methemoglobinemia | |||||
| 44. | Park SK, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this study, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk was significantly associated with the ever-use of paraquat. | Paraquat | Workers | United States | Details | Agricultural Workers' Diseases | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | |||
| 45. | Hou L, et al. (2006). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | We did not find a clear association of lifetime pendimethalin exposure either with overall cancer incidence or with specific cancer sites. | pendimethalin | Workers | United States | Details | Colorectal Neoplasms | Hematologic Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Melanoma | Neoplasms | Prostatic Neoplasms | |||
| 46. | Rusiecki JA, et al. (2009). | Agricultural Health Study (AHS) | In this study we evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to permethrin in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). | Permethrin | Workers | United States | Details | Colonic Neoplasms | Leukemia | Lung Neoplasms | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Melanoma | Multiple Myeloma | Neoplasms | Prostatic Neoplasms | Rectal Neoplasms | |||
| 47. | Reynolds P, et al. (2005). | California Department of Health Services Study | The generally null results in this study systematically examining the risk relationships for residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use stand in contrast to existing epidemiologic literature suggesting elevated childhood cancer risks from reported household pesticide use. These differences may be due to different chemical agents or to differences in indoor versus outdoor exposure potential or both. | Pesticides | Children | United States | Details | Lymphoproliferative Disorders | |||
| 48. | Carozza SE, et al. (2009). | For most childhood cancers, we found no evidence of elevated risk associated with residential proximity at birth to cropland. | Pesticides | Children | United States | Details | Burkitt Lymphoma | Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin | Neoplasms | Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal | ||||
| 49. | Rudant J, et al. (2007). | Etude sur les cancers de l'enfant (ESCALE) | The study findings strengthen the hypothesis that domestic use of pesticides may play a role in the etiology of childhood hematopoietic malignancies. | Pesticides | Children | France | Details | Burkitt Lymphoma | Hodgkin Disease | Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute | Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | |||
| 50. | Kokouva M, et al. (2011). | Lymphohaematopoietic cancers were associated with pesticide exposure after controlling for confounders. | tobacco | Pesticides | Study subjects | Greece | Details | Hematologic Neoplasms | Leukemia | Myelodysplastic Syndromes |